Motor-car truck.



c. E. M0065.

.MOTUR CAR TRUCK.

me Nonms Pernis so., Pnoruwo.. wAsnmmcm. r:4 c.

` Patented Aug. 2|, |900.

Ffm, www

No. 656,606. Patented Aug. 2|. |900.

C. E. MUORE.

MOTOR CAR TRUCK.

(Application filed Jan. 26, 1899.)

` 5 Sheets--Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

Il H Tu: Norms aus co. Pwoouwo.. WASHINGTON. n. c.

N0. 656,606. r Patntd Aug. 2|, |900.

C. E. MHE.

MOTOR CAR TRUCK.

(Application le'd Jan. 26, 189 9.)

5 Shets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

WHA/5355s:

wz "cams persas co. mofa-uma.. wnswmnmw, n c.

No. 656,606. Patented Aug. 2l, |900.

' c. E; Moose.'

`moron GAR Tauck.

(Application led Jan. 26, 1899.) {Nu Modem' 5 Sheets-Sheet 4..

H/S T'TONNEYS.

Tm; mams Pavan: co. woran-mo, wumafon, n. c

No. 656,606. Mieming. 2|, moo. c. E. Moons.

MOTOR UAB TRUCK.

(Application led Jan. 28, 1899.)

(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

e 2 G E W/TNESSES I//S TroR/vsrs.

STATES PATENT EEiCE,

CHARLES E. MOORE, OE CHICAGO, rumors, ASSIGNOR EY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TOELMYR A. LAUeHLIN, OE SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATIhON forming part of Letters Patent No. 656,606, dated August 21, 1900. Application filed January 26, 1899. Serial No. 703,445 Clio model.)

To @ZZ whom zit may concern: I `means for quickly and easilyremoving the BeitknownthatI,CHARLESE.MOORE,aciti car body from the truck, for quickly and Zenof the United States, residing in Chicago, easily removing .wheel-axles,` trussrods, and

in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, other parts of the truck, forreadily keeping haveinvented anew and useful Improvement `all the parts of` the truck, including ".brake- 55 in Motor-Car Trucks, of which the following shoes,` in proper adjustmantfor efficient opis a specification. eration, and for preventing all danger of the My invention relates to improvements in journals wearing or heating, the means or electric-motor cars. i mechanisms for said purposes being all arro In electric-motor cars heretofore generally ranged and combined together in such man- 6o in use serious diflculties and objections have ner` that the meansemployed for accomplislibeen experienced in practical operation from ing one result does not interfere or prevent the sound and othervibrations communicated the successful fulfilment ofthe other couto the carbody from the motor-truck; from ditions necessaryto produceathorOughly-eiiithe tilting or teetering of the cars in rapid cient, durable, and practical Streetrailway 65 motion, owing to the limited base or distance electric-motor car. between the wheels of the truck necessary to My invention consists in the novel ,coni enable the truck to travel on the customary struction of parts and devices'and in the novel short curves; from the'strain, friction, and combinations of parts vand devices herein 2o side thrust upon the truck in passing around shown and described and which I employ to 7o curves or from irregularities of the track; accomplish the object or result above set from the great amount of time and labor reforth. quired in removing the car-body from the To at once secure the car-body and trucktruck and changing car-bodies; from the time `frame together in `such manner that the carand labor necessarily involved in removing body can be quickly and easily removed from 75 or changing the wheel-axles and other parts the truck and so that the sound and other of the truck; from the difficulty in keeping Vibrations may be prevented from being the brakes and other parts of the truck in transmitted from the truck to the car-body, I properadjustment for eflicientoperation, and combine with the car-body and truck-traine 3o in preventing the journals from wearing, cutcupped rubber cushions, which are placed be- 8o ting, and heating, owing to the unavoidable, tween and pressed between the car-sills and conditions of mud and dustin which the cars truck-sills, the cup shape of the cushions are frequently or generally operated. causinga vacuum when compressed,and thus The object of myinvention is to provide `a securing the car-body and truck-frame tomotoneartruckot' asimple, efficient, and dugether by atmospheric pressure or suction, 85

rable construction which may be cheaply thereby doing away with bolt connections bemanufactured and which will at once overtween the car-body and truck-frame, which come or obviate all these objections or diliiserve to transmit sound and other vibrations oulties, the truck being constructed and de-l and require to be removed and occasion time 4o signed and combined with the car-body, so as and trouble in removing or changingthe car- 9o to unite in itself in a cooperative manner etfibodies from one truck-frame to another, and cient means for at one and the same time preretaining-castings adjustably secured tothe venting sound or other vibrations being comcar-body and having recesses to receivethe municated to the car-body from the motor'- ends Of the truck-sills with rubber insulation truck; efficient means for preventing' the tilt 'between serve to retain the truck and car- 95 ing or teetering of the carin rapid motion on body in perfect square, while at the same uneven or irregular tracks; efficient means time not interfering with the sound insulafor preventing binding, side thrust, and wear tion between car-body and truck or the quick and strain when the ear is passing around removal of the car-body from the truck, the

5o curves or over irregular tracks; efiicient longitudinal movement or adjustment of the Ioo retaining angle-casting permitting it to be freed from the end of the truck-sill. The slotted or adjustable connection between the retaining-casting and the car-body also allows for any variation in length of the longitudinal truck-sills or other variation which might interfere with the quick and easy adjusting or positioning of any car-,body to any truck. To at once prevent tilting or teetering of the car and all unnecessary side thrust, jar, strain, frictionand wear of the truck in passing around curves, I combine with the car-body a truck with a long wheel-base, one having a sufficient distance between the wheels to prevent tilting or teetering of the car when in rapid motion, a truck-frame having a swing motion in respect to the axles to prevent side thrust on the rails in going around curves, and a motor having a swinging or side motion in respect to the truck-frame. This also tends greatly to prevent unnecessary jar and sound or other vibrations in the car itself.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure l is a side elevation of an electric-motor car embodying my invention, only a small portion of the carbody being shown to enable the truck and th'e means connecting the truck with the carbody to be drawn on a larger scale. Fig. 2 is a vplan View of the motor-truck, the motor on one of the axles, however, being omitted. Fig. 3 is an enlarged side elevation, partly in section, showing the pedestal and cooperative parts. Figs. 4C and 5 are horizontal sections on lines 4: 4 and 5 5 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a vertical section on line 6 6 of Fig. 3. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are detail views of parts hereinafterto be described. Fig. 10 is a bottom view ofthe pedestal. Fig. 11 is a top View of the pedestal-binder. Fig. 12 is a plan view of the journal-bearing. Fig. 13 is a section on line 13 13 of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 isa detail View of the brake mechanism and hanger. Figs. 15 and 16 are details of the brake-lever and means for securing the same to the brakeshaft. Fig. 17 is a detail view showing the means for securing the brakefkick-back lever to the brake-shaft. Fig. 18 is a detail view showing the manner of securing and releasing the truss-rod between the pedestals. Fig. 19 is a vertical section of the oil-box, showing the manner of securing the oil-box cap. Figs. 20 and 21 are sections on lines 2O 2O and 21 2l of Fig. 19 looking, respectively, in the directions indicated by the arrows. Fig. 22 is a plan View of the pocket for securing the car-sill, from which the motor is supported.

Fig. 23 is a section on line 23 23 of Fig. 22.`

Fig. 24 is a detail longitudinal vertical section showing the connection between the car-- body sills and truck-sills. Fig. 25 is a bottom view of same. Fig. 26 is a detail View of one of the cupped rubber cushions. Fig. 27 is a plan View showing the pocket or means for connecting the longitudinal and end crosssills. Fig. 28 is an end View, partly in section, showing the longitudinal truck-sill in section; and Fig. 29 is a detail View showing the slotted or sliding"connection between the motor and the truck-frame.

In the drawings similar letters of reference indicate like parts throughout all the figures.

In said drawings, A represents the carbody; A', the longitudinal sills of the carbody; B, the longitudinal sills of the truckframe, and B the transverse sills or beams of the truck-frame.

C C are the cupped rubber cushions, which are interposed and compressed between the car-sills A and the truck-sills B and which, by reason of their cup-shaped upper and lower surfaces C C', produce when compressed between the car-body and truck a vacuum or atmospheric pressure or suction connection between the car-body and truck, which serves to firmly connect the two together and at the same time produce an effectual sound and vibration insulation between the car-body and truck, as all bolts or direct connections between the car-body and truck are thus dispensed with. This also, in connection with the retaining or angle castings about to be described, enables the car-body to be readily and quickly removed from the truck. The cupped rubber cushions C are preferably provided with a central hole to receive a wooden pin C2, which fits in a hole in the truck-sill B to retain the rubber cushions in position.

D D are the retaining-castings, by which the truck-frame is held in perfect square with the car-body. These retainingcastings are of an angle shape and are rigidly but adjustably secured to the car-body sills A by means of a notched plate D and bolt D2, the retaining-casting D having a notched upper surface d to engage the notches of the plate in any position desired and said retaining-casting havingva slot CZ', through which the bolt D2 passes, to enable the retaining-.casting to be slipped longitudinally when the nut on the bolt D2 is loosened. The notched plate D is secured to the car-body sill A by bolts D4, and the retaining-casting D, which is of an angle shape, has a recess or socket d2 to r'eceive the endrof the longitudinal truck-sill B, a rubber cushionA or insulation D3 being inserted between the truck-sill B and the retaining-castingD 'at the end of the sill, which isthe onlyplace where the truck-sill has any necessary contact with the retaining-casting when the car-body compresses the cupped rubber cushion C. The truck and car-body are thus held in perfect square with each other without interfering with the sound and vibration insulation between the car-body and truck produced by the rubber cushion 0 before described, and at the same time by sim- 'ply loosening the nut on the bolt D2 andslipping the adjustable retaining casting D lengthwise of the car-body sill, as permitted .by the slot d', the socket or recess of the retaining-casting may be freed from the end of IOO IIO

the truck-sill, thus permitting the car-body and Vtruck to be readily detached without delay, trouble, or inconvenience.

The cross-sills B of the truck are secured to the longitudinal sills thereof by box-shaped or angle castings B2, secured by bolts b3 to the longitudinal sills B and having each a boxshaped recess or pocket h* to receive the end of the cross-sill, which is furnished with a slight notch b5 to t the longitudinal sill, thus avoiding the necessity of mortising and providing a very rigid joint without impairing the strength of the longitudinal sill in the least. Bolts h6 connect the cross-sills and the boxshaped castings B2. As will be understood from Fig. 23, the box-shaped castings B2 thus embrace and connect the longitudinal and cross sills 0f the truck.

The truck is one having a long wheel-base, the pairs of wheels E E and E E and the axles E E thereof being sufficiently far apart to prevent tilting or teeteriug of the car when in rapid motion and much farther apart than would be practicable in the old constructions of electric-motor cars heretofore in use, owing to the necessity or requirement that these motor-cars shall be capable of passing around the sharp curves at street-corners. To practically combine this long-wheelbase truck with the car-axles and the motor, one end of the frame of which inotor is supported on the car-axles and the other upon the truck-frame, I provide the truck-frame with a swing-motion connection with the car-aXles--that is to say, the truck-frame has a swing or transverse motion in the direction of the length of the car-axles sufficient to permit the long-wheel base truck to pass around the sharpest curves, and I also provide a swing connection between the motor-frame and the truck-frame. By this combination of the long-wheel-base truck with a swing-motion truck-frame in respect tothe axles, said truck-frame having also a swing motion in respect to the motor-frame, I am enabled to at once effectually prevent disagreeable tilting or teetering motion of the car when running rapidly and also avoid all strain, side thrust, friction, and wear occasioned by the cars passing around sharp curves or over irregular tracks and also avoid the shocks, jars, and vibrations of the carbody which have been incident to the motorcars heretofore in use and wherein the motorframe is rigidly connectedat one end to the truck-frame.

F represents an electric motor of any suitable construction. lts frame is supported at one end on the car-axle E', the motor-frame moving transversely with the car-axle in respect to the truck-frame. The motor-frame has a slotted or sliding connection f at its opposite end, with the motor-supporting bar F',attached to the bars F2, secured to the crosssills B of the truck-frame, and the necessary swing motion of the truck-frame in respect to the axles is secured by links G, connecting the axle-.boXesG with the springseats G2, carried by the pedestals H, which are secured by bolts 71, to the longitudinal sills B of the truck-frame. The upper plate H' of the pedestal is provided with a round hole for receiving the pedestal-bolt H2, which has a round head h, with a square shoulder h2. The round hole h4 in the pedestal-plate H has a square slot h3 leading ed from it large enough to admit the square shoulder h2 of the pedestal-bolt H2. The top spring-washer h5, which rests Aup against the under side of the pedestal-plate H and surrounds the pedestahbolt, has a tip or projection h6 reaching over and fitting into the round hole h4 in the pedestal-plate H for receiving the pedestalbolt H2. Then the pedestal-bolt H2 is entered in the round hole h4 and shifted over into the square slot h2 and spring-washer h5 placed over it, with the tip or projection h6 of same placed in the round hole 714, the pedestal-bolt H2 is held rmly in place and cannot `be removed without first removing the washer. This enables the pedestal-bolt' to be readily removed without serious inconvenience or lifting of the car-body.

K is the pedestal-binder. lt has four V- shaped recesses K', which fit u p and engage four wedge-shaped projections 77,7 on the bottom of the pedestal-jaws H3, thereby preventing the binder from working loose and assisting the pedestal-bolts H2 in securing a more perfect union and rigidity between the pedestal jaws and binder. The wedge on the binder never bottoms in recess of jaw. Consequently the wedge action is always maintained. The binder K has a lug or projection K2 at each end reaching up into either side of the pedestal-jaw, thereby preventing the pedestal-jaws from being crushed together and insuring a perfect free action of the oilboxes. The holevK3 at each end of the binder K, through which the bolt H2 passes,`is cast with a recess KJx or of a cup shape for receiving the n ut hs of the pedestal-bolt, so that in case the lower part of the pedestal strikes an Obstruction the nut and thread of the pedestal-bolt are protected from bruising or injury. This construction also enables the binder to be readily removed without inter` fering with any truck truss or pedestal.

J J are the springs, the same being conipressed between the upper plate H of the pedestal and the spring-seat plate G2. spring seat or plate G2 is provided with a slot g, through which the link G may be passed, and

The

'I OO IOS IIO

IIS

a shoe g is then inserted between the link and the spring-seat plate G2, as will be read- The truss-rod is provided at each end with a pair of threaded nuts m m, the former adapted to t in and abut against the sleeve or socket M3 and the latter, m', serving as a jam-nut. The nut m is cast with a sleeve on its back or rear portion large enough to pass over the threads on the truss-rod and form a receptacle for a thick mixture of plumbago and tallow or other material to protect against rust.v This sleeve m2 on the nut protects the threads of the trussrod from bruising, rust, or dirt and makes the nut easy to turn or adjust when necessary, effectually preventing the nut becoming rusted fast on the rod. The bell-shaped sleeve M is large enough and the threads onv the ends of the truss-rod long enough to permit sufficient longitudinal movement of. the truss-rod and suicient tilting of the trussrod to enable one end of it to be cleared from the socket M3 to remove the truss-rod Without loosening or disturbing the pedestal or the support M2 for the truss-rod and tumbling-shaft of the brake mechanism mounted in said support M2. f

Miis the truss-rod,extending from the lower end of the pedestal-jaw to the truck-frame. The lowerend of this truss-rod fits in a socket m3, with which the pedestal is provided for this purpose, and its upper end is provided with nuts m m', the same as before described, and fits in a socket M3, similar to the socket M3, before described.

The journal-bearing G3 is provided with a 'cup or cavity g2 at its top, which can be lilled with a mixture of plumbago and tallow.

Small holes or rents extend through the bearing from top cavity or cup to the journal. In

case the journal becomesabnormally heatedl from lack of oil or other causes the heat will melt the tallow compound and cause it to run down through the holes or rents and lubricate the journal, thus reducing temperature of the same and preventing heating of journals and bearings. The rim G4 of the oil-box G' is provided With slots g3, into which a bar g4 With a bolt gG in the center slips. The lid or cover G6 of the oil-box has a hole in the center, through which said bolt passes, and the lid is held firmly by this bolt, a leather washer or lining Q6 around the edge or contact-points securing a perfectly-tight fitbetween the cover and oil-box rim, as the cover is held from the center and not at the sides, as in hinged lids. This prevents oil from escaping and dirt and dust from entering the oil-box. This construction will be readily understood from Figs. 6, 19, 20, and 21 of the drawings.

In order to secure an even and proper bearing of the brake-shoe against the wheel and secure efficient and reliable operation at all times, the brake-slice hanger N is connected to its supporting-link N by a ball-aud-socket joint n n, said supporting-link N', having also a ball-and-socket joint n n at its upper end to connect it with the truck-frame. The two parts n n of each socket have a yielding washer n2, of rubber or other ryielding material, between them, so that in case of wear by tightening the bolts n.3, uniting the two parts of the socket, the washer may yield enough to compensate for such wear. Thisball-andsocket means of sustaining or supporting the brake-shoe hanger gives it a perfectly-free and unrestricted movement in all directions, which at all times insures a perfect uniform position of the shoes relative to the wheels, and in applying the brakes insures a perfectlyuniform wear on the contact-surface of the shoe. The brake-shoe hangers N are connected to the tumbling-shaft or brake-shaft P by the brake-rod P and connecting-lever P2, the latter on the squared end of the shaft. The brake-lever P3, which carries the pulley P4, connecting with the brake-chains, is adjustably secured on the connecting-lever P2, this being done by providing the hub-collar or sleeve p of the connecting-lever P2 with notches or serrations p', around which fits a cap or collar P5, connected with the brakelever P3, and which cap or collar has inside notches or serrations on a small section of its inner surface. By loosening the nuts uniting the two parts of the outer segmentallynotched collar secured to the brake-lever the brake-lever may be turned or adjusted to any position desired, and then by again tightening the nuts the two collars p P5 will be firmly secured together by the engagement of their notched portions. This enables the brakelevers to be quickly and easily adj usted.

R is the kick-spring lever on the brakeshaft, the-same being connected to the kickspring R' and serving to free the brake-shoes from the wheels. This kick-spring lever is adjustably secured to the brake-shaft or tumbling-shaft P by an inside collar R2, having notches or serrations onits outer surface and an outer two-part collar having notches or serrations on a portion of its inner surface similar to the notched collars just above described for adjustably connecting the brakelever to the lever connecting the brake-shoes `with the brake-shaft. The collar R2 is, however, a split collar to enable it tobe tightened upon the shaft, and thus held in position longitudinally by the clamping action of the two parts of the outer collar. The brakeshaft or tumbling-shaft P iits in a slot n4 in the tumbling-shaft and truss-rod support M2. This slotted support for the tumbling-shaft insures at all times a perfect equalization of pressure between the brake-shoes and all the wheels of the truck.

I claiml. In astreet-railway electric-motorcar, the combination with the car-body of a motortruck frame, slotted longitudinally-adjustable retaining-castings secured to the carbody, and having recesses or sockets to receive the ends of the truck-sills, and cupped rubber cushions compressed between the carbody and truck-frame and securing the carbody and truck-frame together by suction, vacuum or atmospheric pressure without bolts IOO IIO

or direct connections'and insulating the carbody from sound or vibration transmission from the motor-truck, and permitting the ready removal of the car-body from the truck,

substantially as specified.

2. In a motor-car, the combination with a car-body, of a motor-truck and cupped rubber cushions inserted and compressed between the car-bod y and truck-frames to secure the same together by suction or atmospheric pressure without bolts, and insulate the `car- 'body from sound-transmissions from the m0- tor-truck, substantially as specified.

3. In a car, the com bination with a car-bod y, of a truck upon which the car-body rests, rubber cushions inserted and compressed be tween the car-body frame and truck-frame and serving to secure said frames together by suction or atmospheric pressure without bolts and to insulate the car-body from sound-trans missions from the truck, said rubber cushions having normally or before compression cupshaped upper and lower surfaces, substantially as specified.

4. In a motor-car, the combination with a carbody, of a motor-truck, longitudinally-adj ustable retaining-castings secured'to the carbody, and provided with sockets or pockets to receive the ends of the truck-sills, and permitting the carbody to be removed from the truck by loosening a bolt and slipping the retaining-casting in the direction of the car-sill, substantially as specied.

5. In a motor-car, the combination with a car-body, ofa motor-truck, longitudinally-ad justable retainingcastings secured to the carbody, and provided with sockets or pockets to receive the ends of the truck-sills, and permitting the car-bod y to be removed from the truck by loosening a bolt and slipping the res taining-casting in the direct-ion of the carsill, and cushions of rubber or'other material inserted between the ends of the truck-sills and the retainingwastings, substantially as speci 6. In a motor-car, the combination with a car-body having serrated plates secured to the under faces of the car-body sills, of longitudinally-adjustable angle-shaped retaining-castings, each having a serrated upper face to engage said serrated plate, and a slot for the bolt to pass through and provided with a recess or pocket to receive the end of the truck-sill, substantially as specified.

7. In a motor-car, the combination with a car-body having serrated plates secured to the under faces of the car-body sills, of longitudinally-adjustable angle-shaped retaining-castings, each having a serrated upper faceto engage said serrated plate, a slot for the bolt to pass through and provided with a recess or pocket to receive the end of the truck-sill, and cushions inserted and compressed between the car-body and truck-sills, substantially as specified.

8. In a motor-car, the combination with a` car-body having serrated plates secured to the under faces of the car-body sills, of lon gitudinally-adjustable angle-shaped retaining-castings, each having a serrated upper face to engage said serrated plate, a slot for the bolt to pass through and provided with a lrecess or pocket to receive the end of the truck-sill, cushions inserted and compressed between the car-body and truck-sills, and cushions inserted between the ends of the truck-sills and said retaining-castings, snbstantially as specilied.

9. In a motor-car, thecornbination with the car-body, of a motor-truck having a long wheel-base, substantially as described, to prevent tilting or teetering motion of the carbody, and provided with a swing-motion truck-frame in respect to the wheel-axles, and with a motor-frame having a sliding or swing motion connection with the truck-frame to permit the longwheel-base motor-truck to pass freely around sharp curves without side thrust, binding, strain or friction, said motor-truck having parallel axles and iixed pedestals secured to the truck-frame in which the journals of the axles fit to maintain the axles parallel, substantially as specilied. l0. In a motor-car, the combination with a car-body, of a longwheel-base motor-truck having aswing-motion truck-frame in respect to the axles, and a swing-motion motor-frame in respect to the truck-frame, said motortruck having parallel axles and ixedpedestals secured to the truck-frame in which the journals of the axles iit to maintain the axles parallel, substantially as specified.

11. In a motor-car, the combination with the car-body,of a motor-truck, upon the frame of which the car-body is mounted, a pedestal secured to the under side of the truck-sill and provided with a central hole for the pedestal-bolt in its upper plate furnished with a square slot to admit the square shoulder of the pedestal-bolt, a pedestal-bolt having a round head with square shoulder and a top spring-washer resting against the upper side of the pedestal-plate, and having a projection reaching over and fitting into the round pedestal-bolt hole in the pedestal-plate, whereby the pedestal-bolt is held firmly in place and at the same time enabled to be removed without inconvenience or lifting of the car-body, substantially as specified.

l2. In a motor-car, the combination with the car-body, of a motor-truck having a long wheel-base and a swingsmotion truck-frame, in respect to the axles, and a swing-motion motor-frame in respect tothe truck-frame, and tixed pedestals secured to the truckframe, parallel wheel-axles, axle-boxes G, springseat plates Gr2 carried by the pedestals, links G, said spring-seat plates G2 provided with slots g for links Gto pass through, and a shoe g' inserted between said links and said spring-seat plates, substantially as specified.

13. In a motor-car, the combination with the car-body, of a motor-truck having a long wheel-base and a swing-motion truck-frame,

IOO

Vo V 656,606

fixed pedestals secured to the truck-frame, parallel Wheel-axles, axle-boxes G', springseat plates G2 provided with slots g, and links G adapted to pass through said slots, a shoe g inserted between said links and said springseat plates, and a motor-frame havinga swingy motion in respect to said truck-frame, substantially as specified.

14. In a motor-car, the combination with the motor-truck frame With the pedestals secured thereto, and a binder secured to the pedestal-jaws, the pedestal-jaws and binder being provided with Wedge-shaped projections and recesses and a pedestal-bolt securing the binder to the pedestal, said wedgeshaped projections and recesses preventing the binder from Working loose and assisting the pedestal-bolt in securing a perfect union and rigidity between pedestal jaws and binder, substantially as specified.

15. The combination with a pedestal, of a binder provided with a recess to receive and protect the pedestal-bolt and nut, substantially as specified.

16. In a truck, the combination with pedestal-jaws having sockets to receive the ends of thetruss-rod, a truss-rod provided with threaded ends and furnished with nuts to bear against said sockets, and a central support for the truss-rod having a flaring or bellshaped sleeve to receive the truss-rod and permit the same to be slipped and tilted to disengage one end of the rod from the socket on the pedestal when the nuts are properly turned, and thus enable the truss-rod to be removed Without loosening or removing the pedestal-jaws or truss-rod support, substantially as specified.

17. In a truck, the combination With the longitudinal sills of the frame, of the crosssills, each slightly notched into the longitudinal sills, the notched ends of the cross-sills projecting under the longitudinal sills, with the shoulders of the notches abutting against the sides of said longitudinal sills, and boxshaped connecting-castings bolted to the 1ongitudinal sills, provided with flanges fitting above and below the longitudinal sills and embracing the same and having a recess or socket to receive the end of the cross-sill, thus securing a rigid joint Without impairing the strength of the longitudinal sill, substantially as specified.

1S. In a car-truck, the combination with the truck-frames and pedestals provided With sockets to receive the ends of the truss-rods, truss-rods having threaded nuts m m on the vopposite ends thereof abutting against said 

